Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma mutated melanoma: That's what we got so far

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2019 Nov;32(6):744-752. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12819. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

Abstract

Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS) mutation, occurring in about 20%-30% of cutaneous melanomas, leads to activation of RAS-RAF-MAPK cascade and represents a clear distinct clinicopathological entity in melanoma. In contrast with BRAF mutant melanoma, no specific target therapies are available outside the setting of clinical trials. In the field of immunoncology, the predictive role of NRAS mutation with respect to checkpoint inhibitors treatment has not clearly established and deserves further investigation. At present, the standard treatment is the same as for BRAF wild type melanoma. Ongoing trials are exploring novel combination strategies among patients with advanced NRAS mutant melanoma.

Keywords: NRAS mutation; immunotherapy; novel strategies; target therapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Melanoma / genetics*
  • Melanoma / immunology
  • Melanoma / pathology
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Mutation / genetics*
  • Prognosis
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • GTP Phosphohydrolases