Sexually acquired syphilis: Laboratory diagnosis, management, and prevention

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jan;82(1):17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.02.074. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Abstract

The methods used for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis include direct detection of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum and serologic testing. Serologic testing relies on both nontreponemal and treponemal tests. In newly developed reverse-sequence screening algorithms, treponemal tests are performed before nontreponemal tests. The management of syphilis requires appropriate staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients along with the prompt reporting of infections to public health authorities to assist with prevention and control efforts. Benzathine penicillin G remains the treatment of choice for all stages of syphilis. Screening of populations at higher risk for syphilis is recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the World Health Organization. The second article in this continuing medical education series reviews the testing for and the management of sexually acquired syphilis.

Keywords: dermatology; sexually transmitted disease; syphilis.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Education, Medical, Continuing
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Penicillin G / administration & dosage*
  • Primary Prevention / organization & administration
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / drug therapy
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / epidemiology
  • Syphilis / diagnosis*
  • Syphilis / drug therapy
  • Syphilis / epidemiology*
  • Syphilis Serodiagnosis / methods*
  • Treponema pallidum / pathogenicity*
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Penicillin G