Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases that are at the crossroads of major oncogenic signaling pathways involved in both lung and prostate cancers. However, the therapeutic potential of Cdc42 regulation is still unclear due to the lack of pharmacological tools. Herein, we report that ZCL367 is a bona fide Cdc42 inhibitor that suppressed cancer development and ZCL278 can act as a partial Cdc42 agonist. In lung cancer cell lines with varying EGFR and Ras mutations as well as both androgen-independent and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, ZCL367 impeded cell cycle progression, reduced proliferation, and suppressed migration. ZCL367 decreased Cdc42-intersectin interactions and reduced Cdc42-mediated filopodia formation. ZCL367 showed increased potency and selectivity for Cdc42 when compared to Rac1 and RhoA. ZCL367 reduced A549 tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model. Altogether, ZCL367 is a selective Cdc42 inhibitor and an excellent candidate for lead compound optimization for further anticancer studies.
Keywords: Cdc42; Rho GTPase; drug development; intersectin; lung cancer; prostate cancer.