Five Roads That Converge at the Cyclic Peroxy-Criegee Intermediates: BF₃-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-Hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactones

We have discovered synthetic access to β-hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactones via BF₃-catalyzed cyclizations of a variety of acyclic precursors, β-ketoesters and their silyl enol ethers, alkyl enol ethers, enol acetates, and cyclic acetals, with H₂O₂. Strikingly, independent of the choice of starting material, these reactions converge at the same β-hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactone products, i.e., the peroxy analogues of the previously elusive cyclic Criegee intermediate of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction. Computed thermodynamic parameters for the formation of the β-hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactones from silyl enol ethers, enol acetates, and cyclic acetals confirm that the β-peroxylactones indeed correspond to a deep energy minimum that connects a variety of the interconverting oxygen-rich species at this combined potential energy surface. The target β-hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactones were synthesized from β-ketoesters, and their silyl enol ethers, alkyl enol ethers, enol acetates, and cyclic acetals were obtained in 30-96% yields. These reactions proceed under mild conditions and open synthetic access to a broad selection of β-hydroperoxy-β-peroxylactones that are formed selectively even in those cases when alternative oxidation pathways can be expected. These β-peroxylactones are stable and can be useful for further synthetic transformations.