Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents reperfusion cardiomyocyte apoptosis and has the infarct-limiting effect which is maintained in the experiments on the isolated perfused heart. Remote preconditioning promotes to recovery the contractility of the heart during reperfusion, but did not affect the incidence of occlusion and reperfusion of ventricular arrhythmias. Remote preconditioning has a mild anti-inflammatory effect. Presented article is a review and formulated conclusions based on the published literature data.