PTSD From a Suicide Attempt: Phenomenological and Diagnostic Considerations

Psychiatry. 2019 Spring;82(1):57-71. doi: 10.1080/00332747.2018.1485373. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Abstract

Objective: A suicide attempt is at least somewhat life-threatening by definition and is, for some, traumatic. Thus, it is possible that some individuals may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a suicide attempt.

Method: In this article, we consider whether one's suicide attempt could fulfill Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for a PTSD Criterion A event and contribute to the development of attendant PTSD symptoms (e.g., flashbacks, avoidance, shame/guilt, nightmares); discuss theoretical models of PTSD as they relate to suicide attempts; reflect on factors that might influence rates of suicide attempt-related PTSD; highlight methodological limitations that have hampered our understanding of suicide attempt-related PTSD; and posit areas for future scientific and clinical inquiry.

Results: Strikingly, the degree to which a suicide attempt leads to PTSD is unknown.

Conclusions: We conclude with a call for research to systematically assess for suicide attempts alongside other potentially traumatic experiences (e.g., combat exposure, rape) that are included in standardized PTSD assessments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / diagnosis*
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / etiology*
  • Suicide, Attempted*