Objective: To explore the clinical selection and application of cell suspension examination (CSE) or histopathological technique (HPT) in detecting sperm in the testis tissue obtained by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).
Methods: Totally, 1 006 NOA patients underwent TESA and their testis tissues were subjected to CSE or HPT for sperm detection. Based on the results of CSE, the testicular tissue samples were divided into groups A (with sperm, n = 567) and B (without sperm, n = 439) and the results were compared with those of HPT.
Results: HPT showed 508 cases with but 59 without sperm in group A, and 403 with and 36 without sperm in group B. The consistency rate of CSE with that of HPT was 90.56% (Kappa =0.809), and CSE exhibited a significantly higher rate of sperm detection than HPT (56.36% vs 54.08%, P=0.023).
Conclusions: CSE combined with HPT for detecting sperm in the testis tissue of NOA patients undergoing diagnostic TESA helps clinical diagnosis and treatment. The results of CSE have a decisive significance for assisted reproductive therapy, while those of HPT may provide some definite etiological evidence for drug therapy or surgery.
目的： 比较睾丸穿刺取精术（TESA）睾丸标本细胞悬液检查和病理组织学检查的差异，探讨两种检查方法的临床选择及其应用。方法： 选择1 006例非梗阻性无精子症（NOA）患者进行TESA，睾丸活检组织分别进行细胞悬液检查和病理组织学检查。按照细胞悬液检查结果分为两组：镜检有精子组（n=567）、镜检无精子组（n=439），分别对其病理组织学检查结果进行分类、统计。结果： 镜检有精子组中，病理组织学检查有精子者508例，无精子者59例；镜检无精子组中，病理组织学检查无精子者403例，有精子者36例。两种检查方法结果一致率90.56%，一致性程度较好（Kappa=0.809），细胞悬液检查的精子检出率（56.36%）要高于病理组织学检查的精子检出率（54.08%），且统计学结果具有差异性（P=0.023）。结论： NOA患者行诊断性TESA时，同时进行睾丸活检组织细胞悬液检查和病理组织学检查的双重评估更有助于临床诊疗，其中细胞悬液检查结果对于辅助生殖治疗更具有决定性意义，而病理组织学检查结果提供了明确的病因学依据，更有利于药物治疗或进一步的手术方案选择。.
Keywords: cell suspension examination; histopathological technique; testicular sperm aspiration; non-obstructive azoospermia.