While plaque-induced gingivitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases, several non-plaque-induced gingival diseases are less common but often of major significance for patients. The non-plaque-induced gingival lesions are often manifestations of systemic conditions, but they may also represent pathologic changes limited to gingival tissues. A classification is proposed, based on the etiology of the lesions and includes: Genetic/Developmental disorders; Specific infections; Inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions; Reactive processes; Neoplasms; Endocrine, Nutritional and metabolic diseases; Traumatic lesions; and Gingival pigmentation.
Keywords: classification; diagnosis oral; epulis; gingiva; gingival diseases; immunological; inflammation; mouth mucosa; oral manifestations; oral medicine; periodontal disease; rare diseases.
© 2018 American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology.