Physical activity moderates the deleterious relationship between cardiovascular disease, or its risk factors, and quality of life: Findings from two population-based cohort studies in Southern Brazil and South Australia

PLoS One. 2018 Jun 7;13(6):e0198769. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198769. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Background: Few studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) of low intensity and duration with quality of life (QoL) among individuals at risk or with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: To investigate whether PA of different intensity and duration moderates the relationship between CVD and its risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia) and QoL in adults.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional studies using data from the EpiFloripa Cohort Study (Southern Brazil; n = 1,220, 38.8±12.0 years, 48.2% males) and the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS, South Australia; n = 1,661, 43.7±11.1 years, 49.7% males). The physical and psychological domains of QoL were assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref (EpiFloripa) or the SF-36 (NWAHS) questionnaires. The diagnosis of CVD and its risk factors were self-reported. PA was self-reported and quantified by its intensity ["walking" or moderate/vigorous (MVPA)] and duration (none, 1-150, ≥150 min/week). Both studies were analysed separately, and results were adjusted for sociodemographic variables.

Results: Participants at risk or with CVD from both studies showed a lower QoL than 'healthy' individuals with a stronger relationship for the physical domain. PA duration showed a direct-trend relationship with QoL, but the associations were stronger for MVPA in both studies. However, when stratified by health status, the magnitude of the association between "walking" duration and a higher physical QoL was greater among those at risk or with CVD compared to 'healthy' individuals. Conversely, among Australians with CVD, MVPA was associated with a better physical QoL only when its duration was ≥150 min/week. All associations were stronger in the NWAHS than in the Brazilian study.

Conclusions: "Walking" was more prevalent than MVPA and was consistently associated with a better physical QoL among those at risk or with CVD. These findings should be considered in the design of public health interventions designed to increase PA and improve QoL.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Exercise*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Quality of Life*
  • Risk Factors

Grants and funding

The EpiFloripa Study (Brazil) was funded by the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, Brazil), Grants No. 485327/2007-4 and 477061/2010-9 (MAP). Funding for the North West Adelaide Health Study (Australia) was provided by The University of Adelaide (Faculty of Medicine, Howard Florey Centenary Grant), the Division of Health Sciences Special Medicine Research Initiative and Human Services Research Initiatives Projects (HSRIP) of the South Australian Department of Human Services (now SA Health), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, Grant No. 627227). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.