Background: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a cause of significant morbidity following laryngectomy. Routine use of salivary bypass tubes during laryngectomy has been proposed to reduce the incidence of fistulae and neopharyngeal strictures.
Method: Following a systematic search of Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases (1946 - current), included articles were assessed for bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
Results: Three case-control trials showed reduced pharyngocutaneous fistula rates with the use of salivary bypass tubes; six case series reported widely varied fistula rates. With regards to stricture rates, the largest case-control trial found no improvement with salivary bypass tube use. No fatal adverse events were observed among the 204 patients who received a salivary bypass tube.
Conclusion: Low-level evidence suggests salivary bypass tubes may reduce the incidence of fistula in high-risk patient groups. A robust randomised controlled trial, or large, multicentre cohort studies, are needed to further examine this intervention.
Keywords: Cutaneous Fistula; Laryngectomy; Morbidity; Saliva; Stents; Stricture.