Although thrombolytic therapy can result in lysis of a coronary artery thrombus, salvage of myocardium as measured by enzymatic, electrocardiographic and regional wall motion evaluation has not been clearly documented. Many patients after successful reperfusion continue to experience recurrent chest pain. The presence of recurrent chest pain suggests salvaged myocardium. Controlled reocclusion of the infarct vessel with the use of coronary angioplasty may support evidence for myocardial salvage. Experience in 50 patients who underwent angioplasty was reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen of the 50 patients had electrocardiographic or clinical evidence of ischemia at the time of balloon inflation. Prospectively, all patients who underwent angioplasty after they had received streptokinase were evaluated, and 5 of 5 patients had chest pain and ST-segment elevation during balloon inflation. The development of ischemic changes during balloon catheter inflation suggests the presence of persistently viable, salvaged myocardium after successful thrombolysis.