Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings

Int J Nanomedicine. 2017 Oct 11:12:7483-7500. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S141272. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics for years. However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. After rehydration, the coatings swelled by 850% in weight. Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial property was positively correlated with the Cu concentration. In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties.

Keywords: angiogenic; antibacterial; copper; gap-bridging; osteogenic.

MeSH terms

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Chitosan / chemistry
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Copper / pharmacology*
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Gelatin / chemistry
  • Green Chemistry Technology
  • Male
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Nanocomposites / chemistry*
  • Osteogenesis / drug effects*
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Tensile Strength
  • Titanium / chemistry

Substances

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Copper
  • Gelatin
  • Chitosan
  • Titanium