The importance of bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygenation (NIRS): Clinical case of asymmetry during cardiopulmonary bypass secondary to previous cerebral infarction

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed). 2018 Mar;65(3):165-169. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.06.008. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Cerebral oximetry based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology is used to determine cerebral tissue oxygenation. We hereby present the clinical case of a 12-month old child with right hemiparesis secondary to prior left middle cerebral artery stroke 8 months ago. The child underwent surgical enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with cardiopulmonary bypass. During cardiopulmonary bypass, asymmetric NIRS results were detected between both hemispheres. The utilization of multimodal neuromonitoring (NIRS-BIS) allowed acting on both perfusion pressure and anesthetic depth to balance out the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen consumption. No new neurological sequelae were observed postoperatively. We consider bilateral NIRS monitoring necessary in order to detect asymmetries between cerebral hemispheres. Although asymmetries were not present at baseline, they can arise intraoperatively and its monitoring thus allows the detection and treatment of cerebral ischemia-hypoxia in the healthy hemisphere, which if undetected and untreated would lead to additional neurological damage.

Keywords: Asimetría; Asymmetry; Bispectral index (BIS); Cerebral infarction; Espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano; Infarto cerebral; Multimodal neuromonitoring; Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); Neuromonitorización multimodal; Índice biespectral.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass*
  • Cerebrovascular Circulation
  • Foramen Ovale, Patent / complications
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / diagnosis*
  • Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / prevention & control
  • Infant
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / complications
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / metabolism*
  • Intraoperative Complications / diagnosis*
  • Intraoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Monitoring, Intraoperative / methods*
  • Nervous System Diseases / prevention & control
  • Oximetry / methods*
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • Paresis / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Protein C Deficiency / complications
  • Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / complications
  • Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / surgery*
  • Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
  • Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / complications
  • Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / surgery*