Objectives: We aimed to summarize the evidence for periprocedural and long-term strategies to both minimize the bleeding risk and ensure sufficient anticoagulation and antiaggregation in hemophilia patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
Background: Hemophilia patients undergoing coronary angiography and PCI are at risk of bleeding due to deficiency of the essential clotting factors VIII or IX combined with the need of peri-interventional anticoagulation and antiaggregation and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after PCI.
Methods: We report on a patient with moderate hemophilia B undergoing single-vessel PCI with administration of factor IX concentrate during the procedure and during the 1-month DAPT period. In addition, a systematic review of patients (n = 54, mean age 58 ± 10 years) with hemophilia A (n = 45, 83%) or B (n = 9, 17%) undergoing coronary angiography with or without PCI is presented.
Results: Peri-interventional factor substitution was performed in the majority (42 of 54, 78%) but not all patients. In 38 of 54 (70%) patients undergoing coronary angiography, PCI with balloon dilation (n = 5), bare metal (n = 31), or drug-eluting stents (n = 2) was performed. For PCI unfractioned heparin (n = 24), low molecular weight heparin (n = 2), bivalirudin (n = 4), or no periprocedural anticoagulation at all (n = 8) were used. PCI was successful in all cases. After stenting, the majority (28 of 33; 85%) was treated with DAPT (median duration 1 month). Major periprocedural bleeding episodes occurred in 3 of 54 (6%) patients. Bleeding during follow-up occurred in 11 of 54 (20%) patients.
Conclusions: Coronary angiography and PCI in patients with hemophilia are effective and safe when applying individualized measures to prevent bleeding.
Keywords: anticoagulants/antithrombins; antiplatelet therapy; bleeding; coronary heart disease.
© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.