Acute cor pulmonale due to pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy from renal cell carcinoma

BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jun 28:2017:bcr2017219730. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219730.

Abstract

We report the case of a previously healthy man who presented with subacute dyspnoea after a long drive. He developed hypoxic respiratory failure, thought secondary to a massive pulmonary embolism and was treated with tissue plasminogen activator but died in the hospital despite aggressive medical measures. Autopsy revealed pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) from papillary renal cell carcinoma. PTTM is a rare clinicopathological syndrome that clinically results in symptoms of dyspnoea and right heart failure. Pathologically, a localised paraneoplastic process evolves from tumour microemboli in the pulmonary arterioles, resulting in fibrocellular proliferation and narrowing of the vessels, causing subacute right heart failure. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PTTM due to papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Keywords: Adult Intensive Care; Heart Failure; Pulmonary Hypertension; Urological Cancer.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / complications
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology
  • Autopsy
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / complications
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / pathology*
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure / etiology*
  • Heart Ventricles / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Pulmonary / diagnosis
  • Lung / blood supply
  • Lung / pathology*
  • Lung Neoplasms / complications
  • Lung Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
  • Pulmonary Artery / pathology
  • Pulmonary Embolism / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Heart Disease / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Heart Disease / etiology*
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / diagnosis
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / etiology
  • Thrombotic Microangiopathies / diagnosis
  • Thrombotic Microangiopathies / etiology*