Blunt hepatic and splenic trauma. A single Center experience using a multidisciplinary protocol

Ann Ital Chir. 2017:88:S0003469X17026483.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to describe more than 10 years experience of a single Trauma Center about non operative management of abdominal organ injuries in hemodynamically stable patients MATERIAL OF STUDY: Between January 2001 and December 2014 ,732 consecutive patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma, involving liver and/or spleen and/or kidney, at the Bufalini Cesena Hospital .Management of patients included a specific institutional developed protocol :hemodynamic stability was evaluated in shock room according to the patients response to fluid challenge and the patients were classified into three categories A,B,and C.

Results: Form 732 Trauma, 356(48.6%) of patients were submitted to a surgical procedure, all the other patient 376(51.4%) underwent an non operative management .Overall mortality was 9.8% (72), mortality in the surgery group was 15.4% eheras in the non operative group was 4.5%; the relative risk of mortality, measured by the odds ratio waith a 95% confidence interval, was 3.417(2.023-5.772) for rhe surgery group; patient over 40 years old has a statistically significant higher mortality.

Discussion: In our series the overall mortality rate of non operative management group was 4.5%, instead in unstable patients, the surgery group, the mortality was 15.3%; the overall mortality mortality rate after the application of our protocol is 9.8%, Although surgery continues to be the standard for hemodically unstable patients with blunt hepatic and splenic trauma. In our experience AAST Organ Injury Scale was useless for the therapeutic decision making process after the CT scan if a source of bleeding was detected and immediate angiography was performed in order to control and solve it.

Conclusions: In our experience the AAST Organ Injury Scale was useless for the therapeutic decision making process, The results suggest that the only criteria of choice for therapeutici strategy was the hemodynamic stability, Nonoperative managem,ent can be applied only following strict institutional criteria KEY WORDS: Hemodynmic stability, Nonoperative management, Trauma.

Materiali e metodi: Tra gennaio 2001 e dicembre 2014 sono stati reclutati consecutivamente 732 pazienti ricoverati per trauma addominale all’Ospedale Bufalini di Cesena, sede di Trauma Center. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi a seconda che abbiano ricevuto un trattamento non operativo o chirurgico; quindi sono stati classificati in tre categorie a seconda della risposta emodinamica.

Risultati: I pazienti che sono stati sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico sono il 48.6% e il restante 51.4% sono stati sottoposti a TNO. La mortalità complessiva è stata del 9.8% mentre nel gruppo dei pazienti operati era del 15,4% a fronte del 4,5% nel gruppo del trattamento non operativo e vi è stata una differenza statisticamente significativa tra i due gruppi nel rischio relativo di mortalità. I pazienti che non è stato possibile trattare non operativamente hanno avuto un rischio di mortalità relativa aumentato del 3,4%, mentre scomposto per organo è stato del 4,8% per i traumi epatici e del 1,7 per i traumi splenici con un intervallo di confidenza del 95%.

Conclusioni: La chirurgia resta quindi lo standard per i pazienti emodinamicamente instabili, mentre il TNO viene considerato il trattamento di scelta per i pazienti emodinamicamente stabili o transient responders con un trauma epatico o splenico. Riuscire a trattare non operativamente questi pazienti, sulla base di corrette indicazioni e con procedure codificate e condivise all’interno del Trauma Center riduce in maniera statisticamente significativa il rischio di mortalità relativo.

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Injuries / mortality
  • Abdominal Injuries / surgery*
  • Abdominal Injuries / therapy
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Clinical Protocols*
  • Emergency Treatment
  • Humans
  • Injury Severity Score
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Liver / injuries*
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Spleen / injuries*
  • Survival Rate
  • Trauma Centers / statistics & numerical data
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Wounds, Nonpenetrating / mortality
  • Wounds, Nonpenetrating / surgery*
  • Wounds, Nonpenetrating / therapy