Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may induce inflammatory cytokines or adipokines that influence bone turnover and bone fracture risk. This study aimed to evaluate the association among H. pylori infection, adipokines, and 10-year fracture risk using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool scale. From August 2013 to February 2016, a community-based cohort was surveyed by Keelung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital. Subjects were included if they were older than 40 years and not pregnant. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire survey, physical examination, urea breath test, and blood tests. A total of 2,689 participants (1,792 women) were included in this cross-sectional study. In both sexes, participants with a high fracture risk were older and had higher adiponectin values than participants without a high fracture risk (mean age, female: 72.9 ± 5.6 vs. 55.8 ± 7.3 years, P < 0.0001; male: 78.9 ± 4.7 vs. 58.1 ± 8.9 years, P < 0.001) (adiponectin, female: 10.8 ± 6.3 vs. 8.7 ± 5.2 ng/ml, P < 0.001; male: 9.7 ± 6.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Adiponectin was correlated with high fracture risk in both sexes, but H. pylori infection and leptin was not. In logistic regression analysis, adiponectin could not predict high fracture risk when adjusting the factor of body mass index (BMI) in men group. In conclusion, H. pylori infection and leptin could not predict 10-year fracture risk in either sex. Adiponectin was correlated with bone fracture risk in both sexes and the correlation might be from the influence of BMI.