Recently, visible-light-driven photocatalysts have been widely used in environmental pollutant remediation. In the present study, BiOI/CeO2 p-n junction photocatalysts were successfully fabricated using a facile in situ chemical bath method. The BiOI/CeO2 p-n junction photocatalysts exhibited excellent photoactivity for the decomposition of the refractory pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) and methylene orange (MO) under visible light illumination. The sample with a 1 : 1 mole ratio of BiOI : CeO2 possessed the highest photocatalytic performance out of all of the as-obtained catalysts. Mott-Schottky plots indicated that p-n junctions were successfully constructed between BiOI and CeO2. The optical and electrical properties of the materials demonstrate that the introduction of BiOI can broaden the visible-light absorption region of CeO2, and the transfer rate of the electron-hole pairs dramatically improves through forming a p-n junction. Furthermore, the BPA degradation efficiency exhibited excellent photostability after four consecutive cycles. These features show that the BiOI/CeO2 p-n junction has great application potential for refractory pollutant removal from wastewater.