Modulation of host immune responses following non-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Translational implications in progressive multiple sclerosis

J Neuroimmunol. 2019 Jun 15:331:11-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 15.

Abstract

There exists an urgent need for effective treatments for those patients suffering from chronic/progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, it has become readily apparent that different classes of stem cell-based therapies must be explored at both the basic science and clinical levels. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic mechanisms underlying the pre-clinical benefits of exogenously delivered non-hematopoietic stem cells (nHSCs) in animal models of MS. Further, we highlight a number of early clinical trials in which nHSCs have been used to treat MS. Finally, we identify a series of challenges that must be met and ultimately overcome if such promising therapeutics are to be advanced from the bench to the bedside.

Keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Mesenchymal stem cells; Multiple sclerosis; Neural stem cells; Non-hematopoietic stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Stem cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Animals
  • Cellular Reprogramming Techniques
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / immunology
  • Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / therapy
  • Graft Survival
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / transplantation
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Injections, Intraventricular
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation* / methods
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Mice
  • Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / physiopathology
  • Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / therapy*
  • Neural Stem Cells / transplantation*
  • Neuroimmunomodulation*
  • Translational Research, Biomedical / methods*