Does habituation really happen? Investigation of psycho-biological responses to body exposure in bulimia nervosa

Behav Res Ther. 2017 Mar:90:111-122. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.006. Epub 2016 Dec 13.

Abstract

Background: Body exposure is a common and effective treatment for body image disturbance in bulimia nervosa (BN). However, little is known about treatment mechanisms. Based on models of emotional processing and neurovisceral integration, we expected to observe a) initial activation and b) habituation of cognitive-affective and autonomic responding within one and between two standardized body exposure sessions.

Methods: A group of 13 women with BN and 13 healthy controls (HC) were repeatedly exposed to their bodies. Prior to and after treatment with three individualized mirror exposure sessions participants received a session of standardized exposure to videographic recordings of their body. Subjective ratings of body-related emotions and thoughts were assessed repeatedly throughout the standardized exposure sessions and autonomic responses were recorded continuously.

Results: Subjective and sympathetic responses were activated initially in both groups. Cognitive-affective responses habituated within the standardized sessions in both groups, whereas between the standardized sessions habituation was only found in women with BN. Increasing sympathetic responses were found within the sessions in both groups.

Conclusions: The results support cognitive-affective habituation during body exposure in BN and to a lesser extent in HC. Autonomic responses however did not show a corresponding pattern and did not distinguish between groups. Implications for body exposure research and practice are discussed.

Keywords: Autonomic responses; Body image exposure; Bulimia nervosa; Cognitions; Eating disorder; Habituation process.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Body Image / psychology*
  • Bulimia Nervosa / physiopathology
  • Bulimia Nervosa / psychology
  • Bulimia Nervosa / therapy*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cognition / physiology
  • Emotions / physiology
  • Female
  • Galvanic Skin Response / physiology
  • Habituation, Psychophysiologic / physiology*
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Humans
  • Implosive Therapy*
  • Video Recording
  • Young Adult