Human papillomavirus-associated small cell carcinoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma of the oropharynx: a report of two cases

Springerplus. 2016 Oct 22;5(1):1847. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3501-x. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Introduction: Small cell carcinoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the oropharynx is uncommon. Two cases of SCNEC in an 81-year-old woman and in a 54-year-old man are presented here.

Case description: We have documented two cases of SCNEC arising in the oropharynx with evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Histologically, both cases were classified as poorly differentiated SCNEC with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios and nuclear molding. Observations using a transmission electron microscope revealed membrane-bound neuroendocrine granules in some tumor cells. Both tumors expressed high levels of p16, a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV infection. HPV infection was confirmed in both cases using HPV polymerase chain reaction analysis; HPV subtype 16 was identified in one case and HPV subtype 18 in the other.

Discussion and evaluation: SCNEC of the oropharynx is a rare and novel HPV-associated disease with neuroendocrine granules and aggressive clinical behavior.

Conclusions: Herein, we present two cases of SCNEC, focusing on its histologic features and treatment modalities. More studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiology of HPV-associated SCNEC in different organ systems.