Molecular genetics is a rapidly expanding field with possibilities for novel diagnostic and treatment strategies for otological diseases. Gene therapy, if theory is proven practical, could eliminate disease at the molecular level, thus obviating the need for pharmacologic or surgical treatment. Recent years have seen great advances in our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of many otological disorders. Building on the success of the Human Genome Project, new technologies are in development to identify disease-causing mutations through genetic testing. A basic understanding of the genetic basis of Otological diseases is crucial to the practising Otologist and the time has come for genetic services to be incorporated into regular Otological clinics.
Keywords: Gene therapy; Genetics; Hearing loss.