Inhibition of each module of connective tissue growth factor as a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmunity. 2016;49(2):109-14. doi: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1113405. Epub 2015 Nov 19.

Abstract

We previously reported the importance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CTGF contains four distinct modules connected in tandem, namely insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-like, von Willebrand factor (vWF) type C repeat, thrombospondin type 1 (TSP-1) repeat, and carboxyl-terminal (CT) modules. The relationships between each of these modules of CTGF and RA remain unknown. Here, we analyzed how inhibition of each CTGF module affects the pathophysiology of RA. We conducted stimulation and suppression experiments on synovial cells (MH7A) obtained from patients with RA. Moreover, we examined angiogenesis by means of a tube-formation assay performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and we used tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to analyze osteoclastogenesis. Our results showed that M-CSF/RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was enhanced when CTGF was added, but the effect of CTGF was neutralized by mAbs against CTGF modules 1-4. Furthermore, CTGF treatment of HUVECs induced formation of tubular networks, which resulted in acceleration of the angiogenesis of RA synoviocytes, and quantification showed that this tubular-network formation was also disrupted by anti-CTGF module 1-4 mAbs. Lastly, TNF-α enhanced the expression of CTGF and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) in MH7A cells, and this enhancement was potently neutralized by mAbs against CTGF modules 1, 3 and 4. Thus, our results indicate that not only a mAb against CTGF but also mAbs against each specific module of CTGF might serve as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of RA.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; osteoclastogenesis; synoviocytes; therapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / metabolism*
  • Bone Resorption / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Connective Tissue Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Connective Tissue Growth Factor / chemistry
  • Connective Tissue Growth Factor / metabolism*
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / pharmacology
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / metabolism
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Osteoclasts / drug effects
  • Osteoclasts / metabolism
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / drug effects*
  • RANK Ligand / pharmacology
  • Synovial Membrane / cytology
  • Synovial Membrane / metabolism

Substances

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • RANK Ligand
  • Connective Tissue Growth Factor
  • Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
  • MMP3 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 3