Studies into the neurosis incidence among the rural community of two agricultural regions of the Ukraine (Western and Eastern) were made with the aid of mass epidemiological screening of the community. A study was also made of factors promoting the occurrence of neuroses as well as of those favouring the recovery from neuroses. In accordance with the data obtained, the number of neurotic patients registered at the dispensary turned out 4 times less on the average as compared to that identified among the community. Analysis of the medical services rendered to the rural community suffering from neuroses has demonstrated that these services require material improvement. It is emphasized that the improvement of the medical aid rendered to the neurotic patients living in the country should be exercised at the expense of the already available services (rural ambulatory centers, doctor's assistant and midwifery stations) of the general somatic network rather that at the expense of the enlargement of the psychiatry services network.