Cancer stem cells(CSCs) have been reported in many human tumors and are associated with tumor initiation and progression. CSCs share many biological properties with normal somatic stem cells, such as self-renewal, the propagation of differentiated progeny. However, they also have differences in their chemoresistance and tumorigenic and metastatic activity. CSCs have potential clinical importance, but the regulation at the molecular level is not well-understood. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, and play important role in the regulation of several cellular processes. Varieties of evidence show that, miRNAs can regulates the CSCs at a molecular level and are associated with tumor initiation and progression. Better understanding of the regulation of CSCs gene expression by miRNAs could be used to identify the biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarize the major development on the regulation of CSCs by miRNAs.