There are many epidemiological papers on the relation of lipids especially of cholesterol, and the incidence of colorectal adenoma and cancer. In the studies of pathogenesis of the cancer of the large intestine attention is paid to the role of certain lipoproteins of bile acids and certain gastrointestinal hormones. We examined 30 patients: 10 were healthy subjects (the control group), 9 with colorectal adenoma, 2 with villous adenoma and 9 with adenocarcinoma of the colon and the rectum. The study concerned: total lipids, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, gastrinaemia and insulinaemia. Statistical analysis of the obtained results showed that hypocholesterolemia followed the incidence of adenocarcinoma. This is in accordance with the most frequently quoted literature. The incidence of hypergastrinaemia, however, was found primarily in the patients with villous adenoma, which indicates possible secretory function of the studied tumours.