Objective: To assess the exposure status of preconception health risk of Chinese reproductive women and analyze the changes of their exposure status during 2010-2012.
Methods: The "Core Indicators of Preconception Health Risk Exposure Status in Chinese reproductive couples" were used to evaluate the preconception health risk of women during reproductive period (aged 21-49 years) who participated in National Free Preconception Health Examination Project. From January 1, 2010 to December 31 2012 a total of 2 120 131 women were recruited from 220 pilot counties of 31 provinces. The risks involved the following eight aspects: genetic risk, reproductive risk, chronic disease risk, infectious risk, nutritive risk, behavioral risk, environmental risk and psychosocial risk.
Results: The overall rate of preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women (aged 21-49 years) was 54.63% (1 124 552/2 058 648). Among all age groups, the lowest rate was 53.05% (262 646/495 092) in 21-24 age group while the highest rate 66.94% (7616/11379) in 45-49 age group. The top three risks were nutritive risk [35.74% (726 826/2 033 730)], infectious risk [10.16% (206 983/2 037 022)] and chronic disease risk [6.96% (142 130/2 042 110)]. From 2010 to 2012, the rate of preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women (aged 21-49) were 55.35% (182 087/328 991) (2010), 56.03% (502 888/897 511) (2011) and 52.82% (439 577/832 146) (2012) respectively. In different years, the rates of nutritive, infectious, behavioral and genetic risks were all highest in 2011. And the rates of eight types of risks were all lowest in 2012. In different age groups, all eight risks were lowest in 21-24 age group and highest in 45-49 age group. And the preconception health risk increased with age.
Conclusion: The general status of preconception health of reproductive women is fair. However, there are still some risks. The preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women showed a declining trend during 2010-2012.