Purpose of review: Up until 2014, the use of probiotics in infantile colic has shown promise. However, the past year has seen the publication of controversial results and rigorous debate on whether probiotics are effective in infantile colic. It is time to review the evidence and discuss whether probiotics should be used for infants with colic.
Recent findings: Despite previous trials indicating the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 to be effective in treating infantile colic in predominantly breastfed infants, a recent larger trial controversially concluded it to be ineffective for both breastfed and formula-fed infants. A further smaller trial indicated it to be effective, yet again, for treating breastfed infants with colic. Meanwhile, L. reuteri DSM 17938 has been suggested, for the first time, to be possibly effective in preventing infantile colic.
Summary: L. reuteri DSM 17938 may be effective for certain subgroups of breastfed infants with colic, and this will be clarified by an ongoing individual participant data meta-analysis. At this stage, the probiotic cannot be recommended for treating infantile colic in formula-fed infants, nor can it be routinely used to prevent infantile colic.