High in vitro antibacterial activity of Pac-525 against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms cultured on titanium

Biomed Res Int. 2015:2015:909870. doi: 10.1155/2015/909870. Epub 2015 Jan 29.

Abstract

In order to investigate the potential of short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as alternative antibacterial agents during the treatment of peri-implantitis, the cytotoxic activity of three short AMPs, that is, Pac-525, KSL-W, and KSL, was determined using the MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of these AMPs, ranging in concentration from 0.0039 mg/mL to 0.5 mg/mL, against the predominant planktonic pathogens, including Streptococcus sanguis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, involved in peri-implantitis was investigated. Furthermore, 2-day-old P. gingivalis biofilms cultured on titanium surfaces were treated with Pac-525 and subsequently observed and analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The average cell proliferation curve indicated that there was no cytotoxicity due to the three short AMPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of Pac-525 were 0.0625 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively, for P. gingivalis and 0.0078 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, respectively, for F. nucleatum. Using CLSM, we confirmed that compared to 0.1% chlorhexidine, 0.5 mg/mL of Pac-525 caused a significant decrease in biofilm thickness and a decline in the percentage of live bacteria. These data indicate that Pac-525 has unique properties that might make it suitable for the inhibition the growth of pathogenic bacteria around dental implants.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / administration & dosage*
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / chemistry
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Biofilms / drug effects
  • Biofilms / growth & development*
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / physiology
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / physiology
  • Dental Implants / microbiology*
  • Dental Materials
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / drug effects
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / physiology*
  • Titanium*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Dental Implants
  • Dental Materials
  • titanium dioxide
  • Titanium