Objective: To investigate the impact of premature birth on long term cardio-cerebral vascular events of puerpera.
Methods: Ambispective cohort study method was used and 3 659 pregnant women giving birth during October 1976 to December 2008 at Kailuan medical group were included and divided into premature birth (PTB) group (n = 226) and non-PTB (NPTB) group (n = 3 433) by the history of PTB. Incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular events (myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage) was obtained during follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models was used to assess the relative risk of cardio-cerebral vascular events.
Results: (1) The childbearing age, proportion of pregnancy-induced hypertension, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before delivery were significantly higher while weight and height of newborn were significantly less in PTB group than in NPTB group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). (2) There were 71 cardio-cerebral vascular events during the follow-up of (15.19 ± 7.75) years. In PTB group, the incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular events and myocardial infarction was 3.23/1 000 person-years and 2.05/1 000 person-years, respectively, while the corresponding incidence was 1.15/1 000 person-years and 0.42/1 000 person-years, respectively in NPTB group (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of total cardio-cerebral vascular events, myocardial infarction in PTB group was 2.03 fold (95% CI: 1.02-4.04, P = 0.002) and 3.11 fold (95% CI: 1.18-8.18, P < 0.001) higher than in NPTB group.
Conclusion: PTB is an independent risk factor for total cardio-cerebral vascular events, especially myocardial infarction of puerpera.