[Psoas abscess as a differential diagnosis in emergency department]

Cir Cir. 2014 May-Jun;82(3):268-73.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Background: A psoas (or iliopsoas) abscess is a rare clinical entity with a wide etiological range. It is defined as a collection of pus that begins and extends through the iliopsoas muscle and can reach up to the inguinal region.

Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study by reviewing medical records from the General Surgery department of Reina Sofía's General University Hospital. Information was collected from patients diagnosed with psoas abscess who were admitted to the General Surgery department from 2006 to 2011.

Results: Five cases were reported for 6 years: four males (80%) and one female (20%). Average age was 51.6 years (range: 35--75). All were admitted to the hospital through the Emergency Department. Lumbar pain, fever and rash were clinical features in three patients. Two patients initiated with septic shock. Each patient had computed tomography performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Causes of the abscess were as follows: one perforated colon neoplasm, two left hip osteomyelitis, one Crohn's disease and one primary abscess. Surgery was the treatment in three cases and placement of pigtail drainage was the treatment in two patients. Two patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and ultimately died.

Conclusion: In our case series report, it is seen that treatment delay developed to septic shock and death. We should consider this entity in emergency practice in order to carry out timely treatment.

Antecedentes: el absceso del psoas es una colección de pus que se localiza en el músculo psoas iliaco. Se produce por continuidad desde estructuras adyacentes o por diseminación hematógena; su etiología es diversa. Objetivo: describir la atención ofrecida a los pacientes con absceso de psoas ingresados en un servicio de cirugía general. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes ingresados al servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Reina Sofía, Murcia, España, entre enero de 2006 y febrero de 2012 con diagnóstico compatible con absceso de psoas. Resultados: se reunieron 5 casos: 4 varones (80%) y 1 mujer (20%) con una media de edad de 51.6 años (límites: 35 y 75). Todos ingresaron al servicio de Cirugía General desde Urgencias. La clínica fue: dolor lumbar, fiebre y enrojecimiento de partes blandas en 3 pacientes. Dos iniciaron con choque séptico. A todos los pacientes se les realizó tomografía computada abdominal que confirmó el diagnóstico. Las causas del absceso fueron: 1 neoplasia de sigma perforada; 2 osteomielitis de cadera izquierda; 1 enfermedad de Crohn, y 1 absceso primario. El tratamiento fue el drenaje quirúrgico en 3 casos, y colocación de pig tail bajo control radiológico en 2 pacientes. Dos necesitaron atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, donde fallecieron. Conclusión: el retraso en el tratamiento suele desembocar en choque séptico con resultado de muerte en todos los casos. Es importante tener en mente esta posibilidad diagnóstica para poder establecer el diagnóstico diferencial en urgencias y tratarla lo más temprano posible.

Keywords: Psoas; absceso, abdominal; abscess, abdominal; emergency; urgencias.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Critical Care / methods
  • Crohn Disease / complications
  • Delayed Diagnosis
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Drainage / instrumentation
  • Drainage / methods
  • Emergencies
  • Emergency Service, Hospital* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Hip Joint
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Perforation / complications
  • Intestinal Perforation / diagnosis
  • Low Back Pain / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Osteomyelitis / complications
  • Osteomyelitis / diagnosis
  • Psoas Abscess / complications
  • Psoas Abscess / diagnosis*
  • Psoas Abscess / diagnostic imaging
  • Psoas Abscess / drug therapy
  • Psoas Abscess / microbiology
  • Psoas Abscess / surgery
  • Radiology, Interventional
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Shock, Septic / etiology
  • Shock, Septic / mortality
  • Sigmoid Neoplasms / complications
  • Sigmoid Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents