Abstract
Systematic analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway revealed that biomarkers could be used to predict the response to and outcome of anti-EGFR therapies in patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer. We have conducted a review on the most recent findings and advances on this topic. To this aim, we searched the PubMed database for articles devoted to predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients administered cetuximab- and panitumumab-based therapies. Here we review the state of the art and the controversies about the molecular factors known to be predictors of the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy, namely, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, PI3KCA and PTEN, and we discuss their prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients.
Keywords:
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor; Biomarkers; KRAS; Metastatic colorectal cancer.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Biomarkers, Tumor* / antagonists & inhibitors
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Biomarkers, Tumor* / genetics
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Biomarkers, Tumor* / metabolism
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Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Colorectal Neoplasms / enzymology
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Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics
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Colorectal Neoplasms / immunology
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Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
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ErbB Receptors / antagonists & inhibitors*
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ErbB Receptors / immunology
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ErbB Receptors / metabolism
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Genetic Testing
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Humans
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Mutation*
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Patient Selection
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Phenotype
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Precision Medicine
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Treatment Outcome
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ras Proteins / genetics*
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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KRAS protein, human
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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EGFR protein, human
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ErbB Receptors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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ras Proteins