The disputes between Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) started at the turn of late Qing Dynasty to early Republican China, intensified in the period of construction of National Government at Nanking, lasting for several years. The scope of dispute also extended from the initial medical area to the mass media, and even to the government interior factions. The form of the combat also changed from the debates of original scientific theory to the confrontation of political ideology. It was the government interior factional disputes which caused "the case of abolition of the traditional Chinese medicine" to abort objectively, with the difficult advent of the regulations which saved TCM, to certain degree, from vanishing.