IL-1 receptor blockade restores autophagy and reduces inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease in mice and in humans

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 4;111(9):3526-31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322831111. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Abstract

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have a mutated NADPH complex resulting in defective production of reactive oxygen species; these patients can develop severe colitis and are highly susceptible to invasive fungal infection. In NADPH oxidase-deficient mice, autophagy is defective but inflammasome activation is present despite lack of reactive oxygen species production. However, whether these processes are mutually regulated in CGD and whether defective autophagy is clinically relevant in patients with CGD is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages from CGD mice and blood monocytes from CGD patients display minimal recruitment of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) to phagosomes. This defect in autophagy results in increased IL-1β release. Blocking IL-1 with the receptor antagonist (anakinra) decreases neutrophil recruitment and T helper 17 responses and protects CGD mice from colitis and also from invasive aspergillosis. In addition to decreased inflammasome activation, anakinra restored autophagy in CGD mice in vivo, with increased Aspergillus-induced LC3 recruitment and increased expression of autophagy genes. Anakinra also increased Aspergillus-induced LC3 recruitment from 23% to 51% (P < 0.01) in vitro in monocytes from CGD patients. The clinical relevance of these findings was assessed by treating CGD patients who had severe colitis with IL-1 receptor blockade using anakinra. Anakinra treatment resulted in a rapid and sustained improvement in colitis. Thus, inflammation in CGD is due to IL-1-dependent mechanisms, such as decreased autophagy and increased inflammasome activation, which are linked pathological conditions in CGD that can be restored by IL-1 receptor blockade.

Keywords: Crohn disease; LPS; S. aureus; autoinflammatory disease; interleukin-1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Autophagy / physiology
  • Colitis / drug therapy*
  • Colitis / etiology
  • Colitis / immunology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / complications
  • Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / drug therapy*
  • Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / immunology
  • Humans
  • Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / pharmacology*
  • Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / therapeutic use
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Mutant Strains
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism
  • NADPH Oxidases / deficiency
  • NADPH Oxidases / genetics
  • Phagosomes / metabolism*
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Statistics, Nonparametric

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Map1lc3b protein, mouse
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1
  • NADPH Oxidases