The accelerated atherogenesis of venous grafts might be attributed to aggravated concentration polarization of low density lipoproteins: a numerical study

We hypothesize that after implantation the much elevated water filtration rate of venous grafts may cause aggravated concentration polarization of low density lipoproteins (LDLs), in turn lead to the accelerated atherogenesis of the grafts. To verify the hypothesis, we numerically simulated the transport of LDLs in various models of arterial bypasses with different grafts (veins or arteries) and geometrical configurations. The results showed that the venous grafts might endure abnormally high lipid infiltration/accumulation within the vessel wall due to severely elevated luminal surface LDL concentration. When compared to the conventional bypass models, the S-type bypass had the lowest luminal surface LDL concentration along its host artery floor, but the highest degree of risk to develop atherosclerotic lesions in its venous graft. Among the three conventional bypass models, the one with 30° anastomosis had the lowest risk to develop atherosclerosis in the venous graft. In conclusion, when compared with the bypass models with arterial grafts, the venous bypass models had rather high levels of LDL concentration polarization (cw) in the vein grafts, especially at the early stages of implantation. This might result in high infiltration/accumulation of LDLs within the walls of the venous grafts, leading to a fast genesis/development of atherosclerosis there.