Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: clinical outcomes and expected duration of recovery

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Nov;209(5):456.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Jul 13.

Abstract

Objective: Our aim was to provide a description of clinical and laboratory finding: pregnancy outcomes in women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). We also characterize the duration of recovery of multiorgan system dysfunction that begins after delivery.

Study design: All women who were admitted to Parkland Hospital with AFLP were identified; their clinical and laboratory findings, pregnancy outcomes, and postpartum resolution of AFLP were reviewed.

Results: Between 1975 and 2012, there were 51 women who were identified to have AFLP. The most common complaints were persistent nausea and vomiting (57%), hypertension (57%), and abdominal pain (53%). More than 90% of these women had at least 1 of these findings or combinations thereof. A combination of hepatic and renal dysfunction was nearly universal, but with variable severity. Procoagulant synthesis was impaired in more than three-fourths of the women, which served to intensify obstetric hemorrhage for which 50% of the 51 women received blood and component transfusions. The stillbirth rate was 120 of 1000 pregnancies, and there were 2 maternal deaths. Composite recovery times of various markers of hepatic and renal function indicated normalization of most laboratory values within 7-10 days after delivery.

Conclusion: The clinical features and laboratory findings of women with AFLP derive from the central pathologic process: liver failure. After delivery, clinical recovery typically is seen within 3-4 days; however, laboratory abnormalities can persist for much longer.

Keywords: acute fatty liver of pregnancy; obstetric hemorrhage; renal dysfunction.

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Pain / etiology
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Coagulation Protein Disorders / etiology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Disease Progression
  • Fatty Liver / complications
  • Fatty Liver / diagnosis*
  • Fatty Liver / mortality
  • Female
  • Hepatic Insufficiency / etiology
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / etiology
  • Nausea / etiology
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / diagnosis*
  • Pregnancy Complications / mortality
  • Pregnancy Outcome*
  • Renal Insufficiency / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Vomiting / etiology
  • Young Adult

Supplementary concepts

  • Acute fatty liver of pregnancy