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An introductory part concerned with the distribution of fluid and electrolytes over the various compartments of the body and the acid-base regulation is followed by a discussion of the fluid balance and pathological losses of fluid and electrolytes. An assessment of patients showing dehydration is based on the histories, clinical examination and laboratory studies, in order to gain an impression of the state of hydration, electrolyte deficiencies, acid-base equilibrium, caloric requirements and renal function. The guidelines for fluid therapy include the scheme of this form of treatment, some comments on the available fluids and the techniques in large and small animals.
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