Stroke after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: timing, characteristics, and clinical outcomes

Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Apr;6(2):176-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.000159. Epub 2013 Apr 2.

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a rare but potentially devastating complication of acute myocardial infarction. Little is known about stroke timing, characteristics, and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results: We studied 5372 patients enrolled in the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. We analyzed stroke incidence, type, timing, and association with the prespecified 90-day clinical outcomes. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to assess the relationship between stroke and outcomes, after adjusting baseline characteristics and analyzing stroke as a time-dependent covariate. Stroke occurred in 69 primary patients with PCI (1.3%). A third of strokes were ischemic (n=23; 33%), 12% (n=8) were hemorrhagic, and the remaining 55% (n=38) were of uncertain type. The median (25th, 75th percentile) time of stroke occurrence was 6 (3, 14) days. Overall, 43% of strokes occurred within 48 hours of PCI, and all hemorrhagic strokes occurred within 48 hours. Stroke was associated with an increased risk of 90-day death (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8-13.5), congestive heart failure (unadjusted HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.8), and 30-day hospital readmission (unadjusted HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0-5.1). After adjustment, stroke was still strongly associated with 90-day death (adjusted HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.2-9.8) and the combination end point of death, congestive heart failure, or cardiogenic shock at 90 days (adjusted HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7).

Conclusions: Stroke is an infrequent complication in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI but is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Studies to determine mechanisms that may be responsible for strokes that occur >48 hours from primary PCI are warranted.

Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00091637.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / adverse effects*
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / mortality
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / administration & dosage*
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / mortality
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Morbidity
  • Myocardial Infarction / drug therapy
  • Myocardial Infarction / mortality
  • Myocardial Infarction / therapy*
  • Patient Readmission / statistics & numerical data
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Single-Chain Antibodies / administration & dosage*
  • Stroke / etiology*
  • Stroke / mortality
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Single-Chain Antibodies
  • pexelizumab

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00091637