The effect of cultivation conditions (the composition, acidity, and salinity of the cultivation medium; temperature; and the hydrodynamic conditions of cultivation) on the adhesion of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus to n-hexadecane has been investigated. A study performed showed that the adhesive activity of rhodococci depends on the composition of the cultivation medium and on the cultivation temperature. The possible mechanisms underlying the effect of growth conditions on the adhesion ofrhodococci to liquid hydrocarbons and involving changes in the cell lipid content or the zeta potential of cells are addressed. Rhodococcal strains displaying high adhesive activity (80-90%) at a low temperature (18 degrees C), high salinity (5.0% NaCl), and acidity (pH 6.0) of the cultivation medium have been selected as a result of the present work; these strains have a considerable potential for use in bioremediation of soil and water contaminated by hydrocarbons.