Study design: Non-interventional, descriptive-observational cohorts study.
Objectives: To assess the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) after urodynamic examination in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) according to bladder management.
Setting: Level 1 trauma center.
Methods: Between January and December 2010 a total of 133 consecutive, hospitalized SCI patients were included and classified according to their bladder management. Urine specimen was obtained at the beginning of the urodynamic studies (UDS) and 3-5 days thereafter. 'Significant bacteriuria' (SBU) is defined by a CBU per ml level ≥10(5) in a urine culture. UTI thus is defined as a combination of a SBU and ≥100 leukocytes per μl in urine analysis.
Results: The overall incidence of UTI post UDS was 15.79%. In patients with sterile urine prior to urodynamics UTI was ascertained in 8.6% (de-novo-UTI). In contrast, 32.5% of the patients with SBU prior to UDS showed UTI 3 days later. There were only minor differences in the incidence of de-novo-UTIs in SCI patients who emptied their bladder by intermittent self catheterization or intermittent catheterization by attendant (8.82% and 6.67%, respectively). In SCI patients with reflex voiding however, the frequency of de-novo-UTIs was twice as high (14.28%).
Conclusion: The recommendation of antibiotic prophylaxis for all SCI patients undergoing urodynamic examination is not commonly accepted and according to our data not justified. However, the analysis of subgroups revealed that SCI patients with unsuspected SBU prior to UDS and patients with reflex voiding are possibly at higher risk to acquire post-UDS infection.