Purebred Ayrshire females were assigned to two groups based on the breed of fetus carried during gestation. In group 1, Limousin embryos were transferred nonsurgically into Ayrshire recipients (10 heifers and 1 cow), and in group 2, 11 Ayrshire heifers and 1 cow were inseminated artificially to Ayrshire bulls. Blood samples were collected daily from d 265 of gestation until d 15 postpartum from 5 heifers of each group. Milk yield was recorded on alternate weeks during the first 20 wk postpartum. Calf birth weight was higher (44.2 vs. 35.4 kg) and gestation was longer (297.4 vs. 280.2) in Ayrshire dams bearing Limousin fetuses than in those bearing Ayrshire fetuses. Daily milk production for the first 20 wk was lower (18.1 vs. 20.8 kg) in Ayrshire dams bearing Limousin fetuses than in those bearing Ayrshire fetuses. Prepartum decrease in progesterone concentrations and increase in estrone concentrations were faster in Ayrshire heifers bearing Limousin fetuses than in those bearing Ayrshire fetuses. Profiles of peripartum concentrations of bovine placental lactogen differed between Ayrshire carrying different families of Limousin fetuses but were similar in those carrying families of Ayrshire fetuses. The concentrations of 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha were lower during the postpartum period in heifers than gave birth to Limousin calves than in those that had Ayrshire calves. In conclusion, the breed of fetus influences physiological and endocrine responses of the dam, which might have some effect on milk production of the dam.