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Characterization of "peak E," a novel amino acid associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.
Epidemiologic studies strongly associate eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) with ingestion of tryptophan containing a contaminant ("peak E"). Prior reports have suggested that peak E is the di-tryptophan N alpha-animal of acetaldehyde. Spectral and chemical studies now demonstrate that peak E is 1,1'-ethylidenebis[tryptophan]. This novel amino acid may be the etiological agent responsible for EMS, or it may be a marker of a still unidentified causal agent.
PMID: 2270484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cited by 4 PubMed Central articles
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L-tryptophan contaminant 'peak E' induces the release of IL-5 and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with functional somatic syndromes.
Barth H, Klein R, Berg PA.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 Nov; 126(2):187-92.
[Clin Exp Immunol. 2001]
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Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats.
Love LA, Rader JI, Crofford LJ, Raybourne RB, Principato MA, Page SW, Trucksess MW, Smith MJ, Dugan EM, Turner ML.
J Clin Invest. 1993 Mar; 91(3):804-11.
[J Clin Invest. 1993]
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A murine model of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome induced by 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan).
Silver RM, Ludwicka A, Hampton M, Ohba T, Bingel SA, Smith T, Harley RA, Maize J, Heyes MP.
J Clin Invest. 1994 Apr; 93(4):1473-80.
[J Clin Invest. 1994]
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