Selected drugs with reported secondary cell-differentiating capacity prime latent HIV-1 infection for reactivation

J Virol. 2012 Sep;86(17):9055-69. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00793-12. Epub 2012 Jun 13.

Abstract

Reactivation of latent HIV-1 infection is considered our best therapeutic means to eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir. Past therapeutic attempts to systemically trigger HIV-1 reactivation using single drugs were unsuccessful. We thus sought to identify drug combinations consisting of one component that would lower the HIV-1 reactivation threshold and a synergistic activator. With aclacinomycin and dactinomycin, we initially identified two FDA-approved drugs that primed latent HIV-1 infection in T cell lines and in primary T cells for reactivation and facilitated complete reactivation at the population level. This effect was correlated not with the reported primary drug effects but with the cell-differentiating capacity of the drugs. We thus tested other cell-differentiating drugs/compounds such as cytarabine and aphidicolin and found that they also primed latent HIV-1 infection for reactivation. This finding extends the therapeutic promise of N'-N'-hexamethylene-bisacetamide (HMBA), another cell-differentiating agent that has been reported to trigger HIV-1 reactivation, into the group of FDA-approved drugs. To this end, it is also noteworthy that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a polar compound that was initially developed as a second-generation cell-differentiating agent using HMBA as a structural template and which is now marketed as the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, also has been reported to trigger HIV-1 reactivation. Our findings suggest that drugs with primary or secondary cell-differentiating capacity should be revisited as HIV-1-reactivating agents as some could potentially be repositioned as candidate drugs to be included in an induction therapy to trigger HIV-1 reactivation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aclarubicin / analogs & derivatives
  • Aclarubicin / pharmacology
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects*
  • Cell Line
  • Dactinomycin / pharmacology
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections / physiopathology*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • HIV-1 / drug effects*
  • HIV-1 / physiology*
  • Humans
  • T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • Virus Activation / drug effects*
  • Virus Latency / drug effects*

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • aclacinomycins
  • Dactinomycin
  • Aclarubicin