Abstract
Despite the introduction of proton pump inhibitors and modern flexible endoscopy techniques, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is still a common and serious condition. Once considered the domain of surgery, it is now uncommon to treat endoscopically controllable bleeding surgically. Therefore, most surgically treated cases are complicated and associated with a high mortality rate. This article presents the current management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Besides the description of current endoscopic treatment, medical prophylaxis and treatment, as well as radiological intervention, the article describes the indication and the surgical procedure.
MeSH terms
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Algorithms
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
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Balloon Occlusion
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Esophageal and Gastric Varices / therapy
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Esophagoscopy*
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Evidence-Based Medicine
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / diagnosis
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / drug therapy
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / etiology
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / surgery
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / therapy*
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Gastroscopy*
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Humans
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Incidence
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Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
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Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / therapy
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Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic
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Practice Guidelines as Topic
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Sclerotherapy / methods
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Stents
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Treatment Outcome
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Upper Gastrointestinal Tract*
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Vasoconstrictor Agents / therapeutic use
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Vasoconstrictor Agents