Mobile outreach strategies for screening hepatitis and HIV in high-risk populations

Public Health Nurs. 2012 Jan-Feb;29(1):27-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2011.00970.x. Epub 2011 Oct 3.

Abstract

Objectives: To screen, counsel and offer hepatitis A and B vaccination for subjects at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, and determine any relationship between risk factors and HCV positivity.

Design and sample: A descriptive correlational design. We correlated risk factors and HCV positivity and measured vaccination completion rates. Two hundred and two unduplicated subjects in 4 locations in Western Massachusetts: a walk in substance abuse clinic, a homeless shelter, a county jail, and a community corrections facility.

Measures: Demographic data and a standard HCV risk- screening survey were used.

Results: Significantly higher rates of HCV were found in subjects who were currently using injection drugs (83.3% HCV positive, χ2(1) = 20.85, p<.001), who had a history of sharing needles for drug use (75% HCV positive χ(2) (1)=83.20, p<.001), or a history of receiving treatment for drug abuse/alcoholism (38.4% HCV positive χ2(1) = 12.14, p<.001). Vaccination completion ranged by setting between 18% and 38%.

Conclusions: Targeted outreach to hard to reach groups is effective in providing access for those at high risk for HIV and HCV infection. A mobile outreach strategy can focus needed resources for a variety of groups in a community.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Community-Institutional Relations
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis*
  • HIV Infections / nursing
  • HIV Seropositivity
  • Health Care Surveys
  • Hepatitis A / diagnosis*
  • Hepatitis A / nursing
  • Hepatitis B / diagnosis*
  • Hepatitis B / nursing
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Screening*
  • Massachusetts
  • Middle Aged
  • Mobile Health Units*
  • Nursing Evaluation Research
  • Public Health Nursing / methods*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Statistics as Topic
  • Young Adult