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    Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Feb;91(2):321-6. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.287. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

    Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for codeine therapy in the context of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype.

    Crews KR, Gaedigk A, Dunnenberger HM, Klein TE, Shen DD, Callaghan JT, Kharasch ED, Skaar TC; Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium.

    Source

    Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. kristine.crews@stjude.org

    Abstract

    Codeine is bioactivated to morphine, a strong opioid agonist, by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6); hence, the efficacy and safety of codeine as an analgesic are governed by CYP2D6 polymorphisms. Codeine has little therapeutic effect in patients who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, whereas the risk of morphine toxicity is higher in ultrarapid metabolizers. The purpose of this guideline (periodically updated at http://www.pharmgkb.org) is to provide information relating to the interpretation of CYP2D6 genotype test results to guide the dosing of codeine.

    PMID:
    22205192
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    PMCID:
    PMC3289963
    Free PMC Article

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