Herein we demonstrate a sensitive approach for protein detection based on peak shifts of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by aptamer-antigen-antibody sandwich structures. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated using human α-thrombin as a model analyte. While the binding of thrombin to its specific receptor, thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) modified on Au nanorods (AuNRs), causes a measurable LSPR shift, a subsequent binding of an anti-thrombin antibody to the captured thrombin can exhibit a nearly 150% amplification in the LSPR response. This enhanced signal essentially leads to an improvement of limit of detection (LOD) by more than one order of magnitude. In addition, the use of TBA as thrombin recognition units makes the biosensor reusable. The feasibility of the proposed method was further exploited by the detection of thrombin in human serum, opening the possibility of a real application for diagnostics and medical investigations.
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