The proportion of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who relapse has remained high and fairly constant over the last decade. Choosing treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer is complex. Many active therapeutic agents are available, and there are challenges in defining the optimal timing and sequencing of treatments. Furthermore, the explosion in the number of biological agents presents additional challenges in identifying their activity and place in the pathway of treatment. Establishing optimal treatment as monotherapy, or in combination with chemotherapy, or as maintenance treatment requires new approaches to trial design, selecting meaningful endpoints and conducting carefully conducted trials with translational studies. Patients with relapsed ovarian cancer can now survive several years; the aim is to increase this further.

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