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1: Can J Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;35(1):83-5.Links

Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide induces panic attacks in patients with panic disorder.

McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.

Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) and placebo were injected to 11 panic disorder patients. CCK-4 induced a panic attack identical to spontaneous panic attacks in all patients; placebo did not induce any attacks. The role of CCK-4 in anxiety disorders is discussed.

PMID: 2180549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]