Introduction: Exposure to isoflurane gas prior to neurological injury, known as anesthetic preconditioning, has been shown to provide neuroprotective benefits in animal models of ischemic stroke. Given the common mediators of cellular injury in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, we hypothesize that isoflurane preconditioning will provide neurological protection in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
Methods: 24 h prior to intracerebral hemorrhage, C57BL/6J mice were preconditioned with a 4-h exposure to 1% isoflurane gas or room air. Intracerebral hemorrhage was performed using a double infusion of 30-μL autologous whole blood. Neurological function was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h using the 28-point test. Mice were sacrificed at 72 h, and brain edema was measured.
Results: Mice preconditioned with isoflurane performed better than control mice on 28-point testing at 24 h, but not at 48 or 72 h. There was no significant difference in ipsilateral hemispheric edema between mice preconditioned with isoflurane and control mice.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate the early functional neuroprotective effects of anesthetic preconditioning in ICH and suggest that methods of preconditioning that afford protection in ischemia may also provide protection in ICH.